6-Political Science-Rights

natural rights

Humans have rights {natural rights}| as persons. Rights allow actions or benefits, such as health, education, opportunity, life, and happiness.

dignity

Rights are about people's interests, as persons, and so are about dignity.

types

Rights can be claims, immunities, freedoms, and authorizations. Claims are rights of people against other people. Duties are what people owe to other people. Immunities cancel duties and claims. Freedoms, such as freedoms of speech, religion, and association, concern only individuals, unless they conflict with others' freedoms. Authorizations are grants to act, for situations where there are no rights or rights are not clear.

summary

Human rights include freedom and opportunity to engage in businesses, associations, or activities that do not abridge others' rights. They include safe and nutritious food. They include safe, clean, and well-designed shelter. They include clean water. They include adequate sanitation. They include clean air. They include public health measures, personal health maintenance, prescription drugs, rehabilitation, mental health care, dental care, and eye care. They include complete and equal educational opportunities. They include equal and quick justice. They include equal employment opportunity. They include association with others for pleasure, business, or other purposes. They include freedom of travel. They include access to all public information channels. They include freedom of residence. They include freedom from crimes against people. They include freedom from interference in private life. They include religious freedom. They include habeas corpus.

equal rights

All laws' purpose is to protect human rights. No law makes people's rights unequal {equal rights}. All people are aware they have equal rights and what those rights are.

equality of people

Equal rights {equality, people} are for people actually born, without distinction. Felons and people with quarantinable diseases have diminished rights only as necessary and relative to their felonies and diseases. People can be equal in power, opportunity, resources, legal matters, health, education, welfare, income, freedom, or respect.

society inequality

Political inequality depends on preventing classes, such as the landless, from holding office, voting, or petitioning. Legal inequality prevents making contracts, initiating actions under civil law, or prosecuting. Social inequality is about castes, segregation, discrimination, status, subordination, slavery, or deference. Class inequality is about aristocracy, education, property, wealth, and heredity. Society can choose to have no inequality, prevent inequality, or allow natural inequalities.

discrimination in rights

Rights {discrimination, rights} are the same no matter sex, race, color, language, age, religion, health, political belief, national origin, social class or status, property, sexual preference, birth circumstances, residence, citizenship, publications, opinions, or morals. No person can abridge another's rights.

liberty

People have right to be free {liberty} from most controls.

6-Political Science-Rights-Group

lobbying

Group activities {lobbying} must be public.

nobility rights

There should be no title or privileges of nobility {nobility, rights}.

power distribution

No group has greater power than any combination of two other groups {power distribution}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Needs

clothing rights

People have right to clothing {clothing rights}.

disaster rights

People have right to protection and aid after natural or other disasters {disaster rights}.

family rights

People have right to have children {family rights}. Children have right to be free of parents. People have right to divorce. People have right to marriage of equal partners, with no special role for either husband or wife. People have right to choose to marry or not marry. People have right to all sexual information.

food rights

People have right to satisfy basic needs for healthful food {food rights}.

health care rights

People have right to complete medical and health care and preventative maintenance {health care rights} {medical care rights}.

shelter rights

People have right to shelter with sanitary facilities and adequate warmth and coolness {shelter rights}.

warmth and coolness rights

People have right to warmth and coolness {warmth and coolness rights}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Needs-Property

buying and selling rights

People have right to buy and sell property {buying and selling rights}.

ownership rights

People have right to own property, with or without others {ownership rights}.

public use rights

Government cannot take private property for public use without notice, need, and just compensation {public use rights}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Needs-Work

work rights

There should be no hiring discrimination {work rights}. People have right to employment. People have right to work anywhere. People have equal opportunity for all jobs. People have right to refuse to work in unsafe or unhealthful conditions. People have right to safe and healthful jobs. People have right to fair wage or salary and enough pay for basic wants. People have right to social security for disability, retirement, and dependents.

fair hearing

People have right to fair hearings {fair hearing}.

quitting

People have right to leave jobs {quitting}.

retirement

People have right to retire {retirement}.

slavery

There should be no slavery {slavery}, involuntary servitude, indentured service, or child labor.

vacation

People have right to vacations and holidays {vacation}.

working hours

People have right to reasonable working hours {working hours}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Needs-Work-Union

union rights

People have right not to join unions or other work organizations {union rights}.

organizing

People have right to organize and form unions {organizing}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Body

body rights

There should be no selling of bodies, parts, or functions {body rights}.

control of life

People have control over life {control of life}, to give them hope and power.

death rights

People have right to die and ability to delegate authority to terminate life {death rights}.

fetus rights

Fetus has very limited rights {fetus rights}, subordinate to all mother's rights. Unborn people are under mother's complete and total authority, without interference by other people, because fetuses are not yet legal persons.

life rights

People have right to life, with no death penalty {life rights}.

sacrifice rights

People have right to escape sacrifice and punishment for refusal to sacrifice {sacrifice rights}.

self-defense rights

People have right of self-defense by any means {self-defense rights}.

sex rights

People have right to sexual satisfaction through any means not abridging other-people's rights {sex rights}.

style rights

People should have freedom of appearance and styles {style rights}.

torture rights

There should be no torture, no degrading behavior, and no cruel behavior {torture rights}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Body-Disabled

access for disabled

Disabled people have right to access {access, disabled} public places.

education of disabled

Disabled people have right to education {education, disabled}.

equal treatment of disabled

Disabled people have right to equal treatment {equal treatment, disabled}.

medical treatment rights

Disabled people have right to medical treatment {medical treatment rights}.

normal life rights

Disabled people have right to normal life {normal life rights}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Communication

brainwashing

There should be no brainwashing {brainwashing}.

censorship right

There should be no censorship or harassment {censorship right}.

copyright right

Copyrighting is automatic {copyright right}.

copyright violation

Intentional copyright violation {copyright violation} accrues damages, but unintentional violation does not.

disclosure of sources

People have right to refuse to disclose sources or information {disclosure, sources}.

false advertising right

There should be no false advertising {false advertising right}.

intent to harm

There should be no false communication with intent to harm {intent to harm}.

libel as slander

There should be no libel or slander {libel, rights} {slander, rights}.

propaganda in politics

There should be no propaganda {propaganda, politics}.

public information rights

People have access to all public information {public information rights}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Communication-Assembly

assembly

People have right to assemble peacefully {assembly right}.

equal access

People have right of equal access {equal access}, unless it affects safety.

membership rights

There should be no forced membership in any group {membership rights}.

religion rights

People have right of religious belief, practice, organization, publicity, assembly, action, and instruction {religion rights}. There should be no coercion.

6-Political Science-Rights-Communication-Petition

petition right

People have right to petition legislature, executive, and judiciary about grievances {petition right}.

grievance right

Grievances must be public, officials must act on them in reasonable time, and officials must report results to petitioner {grievance right}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Communication-Travel-Residence

residence and travel rights

People have right of asylum from persecution. There should be no exiles. There should be no visas or passports {residence and travel rights}.

identification papers

There should be no identification papers {identification papers}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Communication-Education

education rights

People have right to complete education {education rights}. People have right to easy school access. People have right to access to all cultural events. People have right to complete coverage of all subjects. People have right to free schooling. People have right to equal opportunity. People have right to safe schooling. People have right to qualified and safe teachers.

school choice

People have right to choose public school {school choice}.

cultural heritage

There should be no cultural-heritage destruction {cultural heritage}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Government

state rights

States do not have rights of persons {state rights}. There should be no martial law, except after disaster and then martial-law removal as soon as possible. All people have equal opportunity to be in government at all levels. There should be no political crimes. All groups in society have representation. Birth or declaration establishes citizenship.

crime against state

There should be no crimes {crime against state} against states and no treason.

enforcement of law

Enforcing laws {enforcement, law} obligating people to states is by withdrawing privileges, not doing other actions.

representative rights

Representatives must be available to voters {representative rights}. People have right of representation based on district and government unit. Representatives are district residents.

6-Political Science-Rights-Government-Security

safety and security

People have right to safety {safety and security}. There should be no police state or police actions. There should be no terrorism, violence, or war.

deadly weapons

There should be no deadly weapons {deadly weapons}, except for registered owners.

privacy rights

People have right to privacy of person, effects, and actions {privacy rights}.

searches rights

Only authorized people can conduct searches and seizures and only after obtaining due authorization {searches rights}.

surveillance

There should be no surveillance {surveillance}, observation, or harassment.

6-Political Science-Rights-Government-Taxation

taxation rights

Elected representatives levy taxes {taxation rights}. Taxes are subject to referendum. All taxes are fair. Only taxes are income taxes, billed to people by sliding percentage.

6-Political Science-Rights-Government-Trade

trade rights

All trade is free of tariffs, duties, quotas, and protectionist measures. There should be no restraints on commerce, except for health and safety {trade rights}.

fair competition

There should be fair competition {fair competition}.

fair dealing

There should be fair dealing {fair dealing}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Government-Military

military rights

Military affairs are always under civilian control {military rights}. No soldiers can be on private property or use private property. There should be no military action against residents. No government or leader can force people to serve in military, go to war, or prepare for war. There should be no permanent military and no standing army. Government cannot require people to participate in events organized for or by state.

draft rights

There should be military conscription or registration {draft, military}.

mass destruction

There should be no bombs, machine guns, bazookas, rockets, atomic weapons, or similar weapons {mass destruction}.

service to state

Government cannot require people to perform services {service to state} to state.

gun rights

People have right to keep and bear small arms, for regulated militias {gun rights}.

weapon registration

Governments register all weapons {weapon registration}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Government-Voting

voting rights

People have right to vote for, vote against, or abstain {voting rights}.

suffrage

People have right to vote {suffrage}|.

elections

There should be elections {elections} at regular intervals.

advocacy

People have right to work for or against voting issues {advocacy}.

eligibility

All district residents are eligible {eligibility}.

fair campaigning

There should be fair campaigning {fair campaigning}.

notice of election

People have right to receive election and issue notices {notice of election}.

secret ballot

Public voting is by secret ballot {secret ballot}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Law

administration of laws

Law administration should be fair, impartial, and quick {administration, laws}.

law rights

Laws should be fair and impartial {law rights}. Laws have time limits.

protection of law

People have right to rule of law and equal protection {protection of law} under laws.

remedy

People have entitlement to remedies {remedy} for all rights violations.

6-Political Science-Rights-Law-Accused

charge contesting

People have right to contest charge {charge contesting}.

detention rights

Authorities can only detain people if they make documented cases under oath before judges, with all names public {detention rights}.

due process right

People have right to due process of law {due process right}.

ex post facto right

There should be no detention for acts declared illegal later {ex post facto right}.

excessive bail

There should be no excessive bail {excessive bail}.

false accusation

There should be no false accusations {false accusation}.

false arrest

There should be no false arrest {false arrest} or detention.

habeas corpus right

People have right to writ of habeas corpus {habeas corpus right}.

quick justice

Courts and judges are available quickly and impartially {quick justice}.

quick trial

People have right to quick and fair hearings in courts {quick trial}.

review of detention

People have right to request detention review {review of detention}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Law-Conviction

appeal right

Appeals are to review procedures, not decisions {appeal right}.

capital punishment right

There should be no capital punishment {capital punishment right}.

retrial after conviction

People have right to retrial {retrial after conviction} if false testimony, unfair jurors, incompetent legal counsel, new evidence, or judicial irregularities affected outcome.

unusual punishment

There should be no cruel, degrading, or unusual punishment {unusual punishment}.

worse sentence

States cannot impose worse sentences {worse sentence} after imposing sentences.

6-Political Science-Rights-Law-Conviction-Money

actual damages

Actual damages {actual damages} are estimates by independent evaluators.

excessive fine

There should be no excessive fine {excessive fine}.

fee of lawyer

Lawyer's fees {fee, lawyer} {lawyer fee} {legal fee} can depend on schedules, not percentages.

punitive damages right

Punitive damages are fixed percentages of actual damages {punitive damages right}.

6-Political Science-Rights-Law-Trial

trial rights

People have right to know all charges {trial rights}. People have right to jury. People have right to public or private trials. People have right to question all witnesses. States cannot try acquitted people again on similar charges.

expert testimony

People have right to expert testimony {expert testimony}.

impartial trial

People have right to impartial trials {impartial trial}.

innocence until guilty

People have presumption of innocence until proven guilty {innocence until guilty}.

legal representation

People have right to competent lawyers {legal representation}.

self-incrimination

States cannot force people to witness against themselves {self-incrimination}.

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Date Modified: 2022.0225